illustrate

The HCNR200 / 201 high linearity analog optocoupler consists of a high performance AlGaAs LED, illumi - two closely matched photodiodes. The input port todiode can be used to monitor, and therefore stabilize, the light output of the LED. Therefore, the drift characteristics of nonlinear LEDs can actually be Ned. The output photodiode produces a photocurrent which is linearly related to the light output of the LED. This photodiode closely matches the packaging markings of advanced devices to ensure high linearity and stable optocoupler gain characteristics. The HCNR200/201 can be used to isolate analog signals in a variety of applications requiring good stability linearity, bandwidth and low cost. The HCNR200/201 is very flexible and with proper application design of cationic circuits, it is able to operate in many different modes including: unipolar/bipolar, ac/dc and inverting/non-inverting. HCNR200/201 is a good solution for many analog isolation problems.

feature

Low nonlinearity: 0.01% K3 class (IPD2/IPD1) transmission gain

HCNR200: ±15%

HCNR201: ±5%

Low Gain Temperature Coefficient: -65ppm/°C Broadband – DC to >1 MHz Worldwide Safety Certification

– UL 1577 listed (5 kV rms/1 minute rating)

– CSA Approved

– Approved IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2

VIORM = 1414 V peak (option #050) Surface mount option available (option # 300 ) 8-pin DIP package - 0.400 " pitch allows flexible circuit design

application

Low cost analog isolation

Telecom: Modem, PBX

Industrial Process Control: Sensor Isolators

Thermocouple Isolator 4mA to 20 mA Loop Isolator Action

SMPS feedback loop, SMPS feedforward

Monitoring Motor Supply Voltage Medical

Reflow Soldering Temperature Profile

Regulatory Information

The HCNR200/201 optocoupler features a 0.400" wide 8-pin DIP package. This package is specifically designed to meet global regulatory requirements. The HCNR200/201 has been approved by the following organizations:

Underwriters Laboratories

According to UL 1577 Component Recognition Approval Program, File E55361CSA Corporation Approved #5 under CSA Component Acceptance Notice, File CA 88324IEC/EN/DIN Standard EN60747-5-2 Approved IEC 60747-5-2-1997+A1-2002EN 60747-5- 2:2001+A1:2002 Standard German Industrial Standard EN 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884 Part 2): 2003-01 (option 050 only)

Insulation and Safety Related Specifications

Option 300 – Surface mount classified as Class A per CECC 00802.

IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristics (Option 050 only

NOTE: Optocouplers that provide safe electrical isolation according to IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 are only qualified within their safety limits. A protective disconnect switch must be used to ensure that safety limits are not exceeded.

AC Electrical Specifications TA=25°C unless otherwise specified.

Packaging Characteristics TA=25°C unless otherwise specified

I/O instantaneous withstand voltage is a dielectric voltage rating and should not be interpreted as an I/O continuous rated voltage. For continuous rated voltage, see VDE 0884 Insulation Characteristics Table (if applicable), your equipment-level safety specification or Application Note 1074, "Optocoupler Input and Output Continuous Voltage.

notes:

1. Level K3 Eleven uniformly distributed data points ranging from 5NA to 50 μA were calculated from the slope of the best fit line of IPD2 versus IPD1. The match is equal to IPD2/IPD1=10mA.

2. Best Fit DC Nonlinearity (NLBF) is the maximum deviation expressed as a percentage of the full scale output of the "best fit" straight line. A graph of IPD2 vs. IPD1 with 11 evenly distributed data points ranging from 5mA to 50µA. The deviation of the IPD2 error from the line of best fit is the upper and lower deviation best fit line, expressed as a percentage of full-scale output.

3. The DC Nonlinearity of the End Fit (NELF) is the maximum deviation expressed as a percentage of the full-scale output from 5 NA to a straight line. 50 μA data point on the IPD2 vs. IPD1 plot.

4. A device that is considered a two-terminal device: pins 1, 2, 3, and 4 are shorted together, and pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 are shorted together.

5. According to UL 1577, each optocoupler is verified by applying an insulation test voltage of 6000 V rms or more for a duration of 1 second or more (leakage detection current limit, maximum II-O is 5μA). This test is carried out before the partial discharge 100% production test (method b) as per IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-2 Insulation Characteristics Table (only for option 050).

6. Specific performance will depend on circuit topology and components.

7. IMRR is defined as the ratio of the signal gain (signal applied to the VIN of the graph) to the isolated mode gain (the VIN connected to the input) signal between common and input and output common at a frequency of 60 Hz in decibels .

Design formula: VOUT/ILOOP=K3(R5 R3)/R1+R3) K3=K2/K1=constant=1

Note: The two op amps shown are two separate LM158s, not two channels in a dual package, otherwise the loop side and output side would not be properly isolated.

Design formula: (ILOOP/Vin)=K3(R5+R3)/(R5R1) K3=K2/K1=constant≈1

Note: The two op amps shown are two separate LM158 ICs, not a single package, otherwise the loop side and input side will not be properly isolated; the 5V1 zener should be selected correctly to ensure it is at 187 microamps work under

theory of operation

The figure illustrates the high linearity optocoupler configuration of the HCNR200/201. Basic optocoupler resistors for one LED and two photodiodes. The LED and one of the photodiodes (PD1) are on the input leadframe and the other photodiode (PD2) is on the output leadframe. This optocoupler is packaged so that the photodiodes receive roughly the same amount. LED lights on. An external feedback amplifier can be used with the PD1 to monitor the LED's light output and automatically adjust the LED current to compensate for any nonlinearities - brightness or changes in the LED's light output. The role of the feedback amplifier is to stabilize and linearize the light output of the LED. The output photodiode then converts the stabilized linear LED output current which can then be used by another amplifier. Figure a illustrates the use of the HCNR200/201 optocoupler. In addition to the optocoupler, two external op amps and two resistors are required. This simple circuit is actually a bit too simplistic to be true in a real circuit, but for illustrating how a basic isolation amplifier circuit works (a no more components and circuit replacements are required to make a practical circuit as shown in Figure 12b strip).

The operation of the basic circuit is not immediately apparent from Figure a, especially the input part of the amplifier circuit. In short, amplifier A1 regulates the LED current (if), so the current is in PD1 (IPD1), keeping its "+" input at 0 V For example, increasing the input voltage will tend to increase A1 above the "+" input terminal Voltage 0 V.A1 is amplified, resulting in an increase in IPD1 as well. Because of the way PD1 is connected, PD1 will pull the "+" terminal of the op amp back to ground. If until its "+" term nal goes back to 0 V. Assuming A1 is a perfect op amp, no current flows into the input of A1; therefore the current flowing through R1 will flow through PD1. Since the "+" input of A1 is 0 V, current flows through R1, and therefore, IPD1 is also equal to VIN/R1. In effect, amplifier A1 is adjusted so that

Note that IPD1 depends only on the input voltage and the value of R1 has nothing to do with the light output characteristics of the LED. As the light output of the LED varies with temperature, amplifier A1 adjusts in PD1 to compensate and maintain a constant current. Also note that IPD1 is proportional to the VIN, giving the input voltage and photodiode current. The input optical power is linear with the output current of the photodiode. There - so by stabilizing and linearizing IPD1, the light output LED is also stabilized and linearized. Starting from the light of the two photodiodes on the LEDs, the IPD2 will stabilize. The physical structure of the package determines the relative amount of light falling on the two photodiodes and therefore the ratio of the photodiode currents. This operation is very stable with time and temperature changes really. The photodiode current ratio can be expressed as the constant K, where

Amplifier A2 and resistor R2 form the reverse resistance am - the plifier that converts IPD2 back to the voltage VOUT, where

Combining the above three equations, the relationship between the output voltage and the input voltage is obtained

Therefore, the relationship between VIN and VOUT is standard, linear, and independent of light output characteristics of LEDs. A substantially isolated gain amplifier circuit can be achieved simply by adjusting the ratio of R2 to R1. The parameter K (called K3 in the electronic field cal specification) can be considered an optocoupler and is specified in the data sheet. Keep in mind that the circuit in Figure 12a is a simplified sequence to explain the basic operation of the circuit. A practical circuit, more like Figure 12b, would require some additional components for stabilizing the input portion of the circuit, to limit LED current, or to optimize circuit performance. The example application circuit will discuss the worksheet in the data that follows.

Application circuit example

The circuit shown in the figure is a high-speed, low-cost circuit designed for the feedback path of a switching power supply. This application requires good bandwidth, low cost, and stable gain, but does not require very high accuracy. This circuit is a good example of how accuracy can be traded off for increased bandwidth and cost. The circuit has a bandwidth of about 1.5mhz and has stable gain characteristics - requiring few external components. Although this may not be the case at first glance, the circuit diagram of the circuit is the same as Figure-ure 12a. Amplifier A1 consists of Q1, Q2, R3 and R4, and amplifier A2 consists of Q3, Q4, R5, R6 and R7. The circuit also works the same way; the only difference is the performance of amplifiers A1 and A2. Low gain, high input current, and high offset voltage affect the accuracy of the circuit, but not how it operates. Because the basic circuit operation is unchanged, the circuit still has good gain stability. This allows the use of discrete transistors instead of op amps to trade off accuracy for good frequency band design width and low cost stability. To understand the circuit in more detail, R1 is selected this option to operate at rated input voltage lowing equation: Among them, 0.5% of K1 (ie IPD1/IF) optocoupler. Then R2 is chosen to achieve the desired output according to the equation,

The purpose of R4 and R6 is to improve the response (ie stability) of the input and output circuits and reduce the local loop gain. R3 and R5 are chosen to provide enough current to drive the 2nd and 4th quarters of the base. R7 is chosen so that Q4 runs at roughly the same collector current as Q2. The next circuit, shown here, is to achieve the highest possible accuracy at a reasonable cost. This circuit has high accuracy and wide dynamic range by using low cost precision op amps with low input bias current and bias voltage performance through optocouplers. The circuit is closed at input and output voltages from 1 mV to 10 volts. The circuit works the same way as any other circuit. The only major difference in this is the two compensation capabilities TOR and the additional LED driver circuit. In the circuits discussed above in high speed, the input and output circuits are stabilized by reducing the local loop gain of the input as well as the output circuits. SISA capacitors replacing C1 and C2 are used to improve circuit stability because reducing the loop gain will reduce the accuracy of the circuit. These capacitors also limit the bandwidth and reduce the frequency of the circuit to around 10 kHz, which results in output noise going further by reducing the bandwidth of the circuit. Additional LED driver circuits (Q1 and R3 to R6) help maintain the circuit over the entire input voltage range. Without these components, the LED's transconductance driver reduces ocean currents at low input voltages and the LED. This will reduce the loop gain circuit of the input, reducing the accuracy and bandwidth of the circuit. D1 applies an excessive reverse voltage from the early stage to when the LED is completely off. No offset adjustment to the circuit is required; the gain can be adjusted by as little as 50kΩ to the potentiometer which is part of R2 in unison. Any OP-97 type opamp can be used in the circuit, such as the AD705 for linear technology or analog devices, both provide pA bias current, µV bias voltage and low cost. Op-amps and photodiodes are connected in Kelvin connections that help ensure circuit accuracy.

The next two circuits illustrate how the HCNR200/201 can be used with bipolar input signals. The isolation amplifier is shown in Figure 18. The actual implementation of the circuit is shown in Figure b. It uses two optocouplers, OC1 and OC2; OC1 handles the positive part of the input signal nal and OC2 handles the negative part. Diodes D1 and D2 pass at the positive and negative part of the input signal. For example, when the input signal is positive, optocoupler OC1 is turned off at OC2. However, the amplifier that controls OC2 is kept active by D2, allowing it to turn on OC2 for more rap—when the input signal goes negative, it will idle, reducing crossover distortion. Balance control R1 adjusts position relative gain to the active and negative parts of the input signal, gain control trol R7 adjusts the overall gain of the isolation amplifier, and capacitors C1-C3 provide compensation to stabilize the amplifier.

The final circuit shown will be bipolar isolation using only one optocoupler to generate an analog signal and two output signals: a signal with the magnitude of the input signal and a digital signal in response to the sign of the input signal. This circuit is especially suitable for the output of this circuit will be applied to analog to digital converters. The main advantages of this circuit are good linearity and offset, requiring only one gain adjustment with no offset or balance adjustment. To achieve high linearity of bipolar signals either positive or negative negative input polarity. This circuit achieves good results with a single optocoupler and single input linearity resistor, ensuring the positive and negative polarities of the input signal with the same gain in both positions. Accurate gain matching for the two polarities is much more difficult to obtain when using separate components for different input polarities, such as circuits. The circuit in the picture is actually the same as the previous circuit. As mentioned above, only one optocoupler is used. Because the photodiode can be in only one direction, two diodes (D1 and D2) are used to divert the input current to the input photodiode PD1, allowing bipolar input current. Often the forward voltage drop of the diode causes serious linearity or accuracy problems. However, another amplifier is used to provide the appropriate offset voltage to the other amplifiers, just to offset the diode voltage drop to maintain circuit accuracy. Diodes D3 and D4 perform two different functions. The diodes keep their respective amplifiers active by keeping the indentation of the polarity of the input signal (as in the previous circuit. They also provide a feedback signal to PD1 to remove the voltage drop across diodes D1 and D2. Comparator or Additional op amps can be used to detect the polarity of the input signal and drive a pendant digital optocoupler such as the 6N139. It is also possible to convert this circuit to a fully bipolar circuit using the output (with a bipolar output signal) to drive Some CMOS switches to switch the polarity of PD2 depending on the input polarity signal, obtain a bipolar output voltage swing.

HCNR200/201 spice model diagram is HCNR200/201 high linearity optocoupler. The macro model accurately reflects the HCNR200/201 should facilitate the design and understanding of circuit couplers using the HCNR200/201 optoelectronics.