preface

Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are the application parameters of volume efficiency, stable electrical performance, high reliability, and long service life. Stability and Elevated Temperature The tantalum/tantalum oxide/manganese uranium dioxide system makes solid tantalum capacitors the appropriate technology of choice for today's surface mount assemblies. Vishay Sprague is a pioneer and leader in this field, producing a variety of tantalum capacitor types for consumer, industrial, automotive, military and aerospace electronic applications. Tantalum does not exist in its pure state. Instead, it is usually found in some oxide minerals, usually in combination with niobium ores. This combination is when its content exceeds half of tantalum. Important sources of tantalite include Australia, Brazil, Canada, China and several African countries. Tin dross from synthetic tantalum concentrates Thailand, Malaysia and Brazil is also an important raw material for the production of tantalum. Electronic applications, especially capacitors, consume the largest share of world tantalum production. Other important applications of tantalum include cutting tools (tantalum carbide), high temperature superalloys, chemical processing equipment, medical implants and ordnance. Vishay Sprague is capacitor elements, rods and high temperature vacuum processed plates. Most metals form the basis of tantalum capacitors as crystalline oxides. Non-protective, such as rust or black oxide copper.

Some metals form dense, stable, tightly bound, electrically insulating oxides. These are so-called "valve" metals and include titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, hafnium and aluminum. There are only a few means of electrochemically precise control of oxide thickness. Among the most valuable industries are aluminum and tantalum. Capacitors are the basis of all kinds of electrical equipment, from radios and televisions to missile control systems for car ignitions. Their function is to store a charge for later use. A capacitor consists of two conductive surfaces, usually metal plates, whose function is to conduct electricity. They are separated by insulating materials or dielectrics. The dielectric used for all tantalum electrolytic capacitors is tantalum pentoxide rated, and tantalum capacitors tend to have a higher capacitance/volume efficiency than aluminum electrolytic capacitors. An approximation of the capacitance/volume efficiency of other types of capacitors can be inferred from the table below, which shows the dielectric constant range of various materials for each type. Note that tantalum pentoxide has a dielectric. The constant is 26, which is about alumina. In addition to this the electrolytic process can deposit thin films as mentioned earlier, making tantalum capacitors effective in the number of microarrays per volume. The capacitance of any capacitor is determined by the surface area of the two conductor plates, the distance between the plates and the dielectric constant of the insulating material between the plates

In the tantalum electrolytic capacitor, the plate is very small, because it only has a high content of tantalum pentoxide as tantalum pentoxide, and the capacitance of tantalum is large. If the area of the board is larger, the capacitors are higher:

C=Capacitance

e=dielectric constant

A = surface area of the dielectric

t=dielectric thickness

Tantalum capacitors contain liquid or solid electrolytes. In solid electrolytic capacitors, a dry material (manganese dioxide) forms the cathode plate. Tantalum lead is embedded or soldered on the pellets, which in turn are connected to terminals or leads. Drawings show construction details for the surface mount types of tantalum capacitors shown in this catalog.

Solid Electrolyte Tantalum Capacitors

Solid electrolytic capacitors contain manganese dioxide, nitrate formed on a tantalum pentoxide dielectric layer impregnated with a manganese solution in pellets. The granular manganese nitrate is then heated in an oven to convert to manganese dioxide. Next, the balls are coated with graphite, followed by a layer of metallic silver that provides a conductive surface. After assembly between the balls and the can, the capacitors are tested and inspected to ensure long life and reliability. It offers excellent reliability and high stability for consumer and commercial electronics with added low cost. Solid tantalum capacitors are available in surface mount design leadframe or leadframeless design, as shown in the attached image. Tantalum capacitors of all designs

Precautions

Solid electrolyte designs are the cheapest for a given condition and are used in many applications. Small size is important for a given capacitance unit. They typically withstand about 10% of their rated reverse DC operating voltage. It is also important that they perform well at low temperatures and do not contain corrosive electrolytes. Vishay Sprague patented the original solid electrolyte and was the first to market in 1956. Vishay Semiconductor Sprague continues to lead the field with the widest line of tantalum capacitors. Data covering various types and styles of Vishay Sheets Consumer and Recreational Sprague Capacitors provides detailed performance characteristics for electronic, industrial and military applications that must be clearly specified.

notes

Subject to metric dimensions. Dimensions in inches are circular and are for reference only.

(1) A0, B0, K0, determined by the largest dimension to the end of the terminal extending from the component body and/or the body. the size of the component. Clearances and cavities (A0, B0, K0) between the ends and sides of the terminal or component body must be within 0.002" (0.05mm) minimum and 0.020" (0.50mm) maximum. The allowable clearance must also prevent rotation of the part within the cavity by no more than 20°.

(2) Tape with parts should go around radius "R" without damage. Minimum Trailer Length Additional length may be required to provide "R" minimum, 12 mm embossed tape for reels with hub diameter close to N minimum.

(3) This dimension is from the sprocket hole edge to the outwardly deformed flat area of the carrier tape between the embossing cavity or cavity edge, whichever is less.

(4) This dimension is from the tape edge of the bracket opposite the sprocket hole to the tape between the embossed cavity in the flat area where the bracket deforms outward or the edge of the cavity, whichever is smaller.

(5) The position of the embossing hole should be measured from the sprocket hole that controls the embossing position. The dimensional embossing positions should be independent of each other.

(6) B1 dimension is only for reference dimension - belt feeder clearance.

Application Guide

1. AC ripple current: The maximum allowable ripple current should be determined according to the following formula:

P = power loss (W), +25°C, as table in product data sheet (Power dissipation). RESR = frequency specified by the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor

2. AC Ripple Voltage: The maximum allowable ripple voltage should be determined according to the following formula: Or, according to the formula:

P = power loss (W), +25°C, as table in product data sheet (Power dissipation). RESR = frequency specified by equivalent series resistance of capacitor Z = frequency of capacitor impedance

2.1 The sum of the peak AC voltage plus the applied DC voltage shall not exceed the capacitor.

2.2 The negative peak AC voltage plus the applied DC voltage is not allowed to have a reverse voltage exceeding 10% of the DC working voltage + 25°C.

3. Reverse voltage: Solid tantalum capacitors are used to apply reverse voltage. However, they are proven capable of withstanding transient reverse voltage peaks at 25°C and 5% DC up to 10% of the DC rating at a rated temperature of +85°C.

4. Temperature derating: If these capacitors are operated at temperatures above +25°C the allowable rms ripple current should be calculated using the derating factor as shown:

5. Power consumption: Power consumption is affected by the heat sink capacity of the mounting surface. Non-sinusoidal ripple currents may produce different from those exhibited. Importantly, the equivalent IRMS value determines the operating level when calculating the allowable value. (Power consumption calculations use derating factors (see paragraph 4).

6. Accessories: 6.1 Soldering: Capacitors can be soldered by traditional soldering techniques, convection, infrared reflow soldering, wave soldering hot plate method. The solder profile diagrams show typical recommended time/temperature conditions for soldering. Preheating is recommended to reduce thermal stress. The recommended maximum warm-up rate is 2°C/s. Accessories with soldering irons recommend temperature and time at temperature due to difficult control. The soldering iron must never come into contact with the capacitor.

7. Recommended Mounting Pad Geometry: The nib must have sufficient clearance to avoid electrical faults in contact with other components. Width indicates the same size as the maximum value. the width of the capacitor. This is to minimize lateral movement.

8. Post-solder cleaning (flux removal): Tantalum capacitors are compatible with all common solvents such as TES, TMS, Prelete, Ethylene Chloride, Terpenes, and water cleaning media. However, CFC/ODS products are not recommended for the manufacture of these devices. Solvents containing methylene should avoid chlorides or other epoxy solvents as these will damage the epoxy encapsulant.

notes:

At +25°C, the leakage current must not exceed the values listed in the Standard Ratings table.

At +85°C, the leakage current must not exceed 10 times the value listed in the Standard Ratings table.

At +125°C, the leakage current must not exceed 12 times the value listed in the Standard Ratings table.