Features Standard high-performance functions in ROM
- Dolby Digital AC-3, 5.1ch and 2ch decoding up to 640 kbits per second
- Dolby Pro logic encoding and decoding
- mpeg1 and mpeg2 dual channel decoding, support mpeg2 pes stream parsing, pts decoding and scr processing Downloadable SiliconSoftware 8482 ; function
- Orel A3D , Dolby Virtual Surround, Harman vmax
- Qsound Qsurround? , Spatializer N-2-2? , Household THX
- SRS trusurround, music mode
- Bass management and multi-channel mixing Flexible input/output
- Serial and/or parallel data stream I/O
- Serial SPI, Serial Z2C or 8-bit parallel host interface
3 serial input data ports and 4 serial data output ports description
ZORAN ZR38601 is a high-performance programmable digital audio signal processor capable of real-time single-chip decoding of Dolby Digital AC-3 5.1 channel and MPEG2 digital surround algorithms. It is the fourth generation of decoders manufactured by Zoran and is based on the proven ZR38000, ZR38500 and ZR38600 architectures. Hardware block floating point makes it the best choice for Dolby AC-3 and complex digital audio signal processing applications.
Due to its programmable high performance and high level of integration, the ZR38601 is extremely flexible in addressing a wide range of system requirements at the lowest possible system cost. At the low end, in addition to the oscillator crystal, it can provide standard fixed decoding with just a DAC and an optical interface for S/PDIF input. At the high end, it can
- Formatted S/PDIF receiver up to 96kHz sample rate
- Sample rate: 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz or 96 kHz
- Formatted S/PDIF AC-3 and MPEG transmitter outputs for low system cost
- No glue chips and no host operation
- Separate internal PLL for DSP core and audio I/O
- 5.1 Dolby AC-3/MPEG2 does not require external RAM
- Wait state generation for low cost external memory
- 100 -pin Plastic Square Flat Pack (PQFP)
- 3.3 V power supply, 5 V compatible I/O, low power consumption software and hardware PC development environment
- assembler/linker/emulator
- On-chip ice support with direct PC connection
- ZR38600DB Demo Board with 6 Analog Outputs, Mic and Line Inputs and Optional PC Connection Provides Eight Output Channels, Analog Input Channels, Long Delay Memory, Custom Operation Function, and Enhanced Functions Using Downloaded SiliconSoftware™ Products ability to upgrade. However, all this flexibility comes without design complexity. Highly configurable standard functions, simple command structure, minimize software development, while providing a complete set of development tools for highly customized product developers.

Zoran Corporation 3 112 Scott Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054
ZR38601 is mainly suitable for audio applications such as audio/video home theater receivers, digital audio broadcasting (DAB), 3D audio, six-channel speaker systems and karaoke processors; mainly suitable for video applications such as SDTV and HDTV stereo TV receivers , digital cable and satellite TV set-top boxes; and multimedia applications such as WI. It includes audio and video, such as multimedia PCs and digital video disk (DVD) players.
General Instructions
The ZRANZR38601 is the latest digital audio processing component in the ZR38000 high-performance programmable digital signal processor product line. It is specially configured with peripherals, I/O functions and digital audio software. Today, high-quality digital audio starts with a primary decoding function and adds the appropriate streaming protocol and I/O configuration interface to match the application. The ZRS38601 has these main decoding and protocol software functions, but still has processing cycles that can be used for other product differentiation functions. The ZR38601 also has the necessary flexibility in system I/O and hardware configuration.
The ZR38601 is a pin and instruction set compatible with the earlier ZR38600, but with a higher 50-MIPS processing rate and larger internal program and data RAM and ROM. These provide new 96 kHz sample rate S/PDIF decoding and increased processing cycles and memory for additional functionality. New hardware features include programmable timers, Z2C serial host interface and more support for 24-bit I/O data formats.
Function
AC-3 and MPEG are the main decoding functions currently in use. The ZR38601 has these functions and their associated test functions, as well as the required setup, operation, and system functions for use in end-user products. In addition, an increasing number of silicon software capabilities can add special enhancements and differentiation capabilities to products.
Main Decode and Test Functions Simultaneous S/PDIF input and 5.1-channel DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) output for the main digital audio function (six-channel AC-3 decoder).

Or four channels of pro-logic output in one of two DAC formats: a four-channel direct or analog pro-logic decoder.
PCM+PRO Logic For two-channel PCM inputs, the function choice is four-channel Pro logic decoding or two-channel stereo mixing, including upmixing from one input channel to two input channels.
MPEG
The mpeg1 decoder accepts an mpeg1 or mpeg2 input stream and produces a pro-logic dac output or two-channel stereo as a dac.
Pink Noise To test the user's speaker balance in the listening space, a six-channel pink pseudo-random noise generator was designed. Individual speakers can be enabled in any combination.
SiliconSoftware™ Features
Silicon Software is a set of additional features for the ZR38601 provided by Zoran or a third-party vendor that can add special features now or provide new features in the future.
3D Audio Currently, there are six providers that offer 3D audio, which can produce a 3D sound field effect using just two speakers. These features include Aurelal A3D, Dolby Virtual Surround,
Harman Vmax, Qsound Qsurround™, Spatializer N-2-2™ and
SRS Truss. They can use two or six channel inputs and AC-3 or MPEG decoders.
Bass Management Selected low frequencies can be redirected to different speakers with Bass Management. Works with all types of decoding to compensate for the type of speakers used.
DVD-Linear PCM
Specifically specifies the data format and synchronization for AC-3/MPEG decoding and 3-D audio and bass management for digital video disk (DVD) applications.
Hall Effect/Music mode adds the natural acoustics of the performance environment to the original recording environment.
Home THX5.1
Theater THX for home entertainment systems.
Karaoke handles sound cancellation, pitch shifting, echo and reverb.
custom functions, etc.
Product designers can always add custom features and variants, often with very simple software.
Operation and Setup Functions These controls simply start and stop the operation of the decoding function and determine initial hardware operation and configuration.
System Functions These functions control real-time operations, including interface transactions, program loading, and in-circuit testing.
System Configuration
The ZR38601 is highly self-contained and can work with a few external parts, as shown in Figure 1. However, it is very flexible in adapting to the needs of larger, higher performance systems. Figure 2 shows all possible options that are supported to form a complete system.
The ZR38601 does not require a host microprocessor, but if the system has one, it can be utilized. A bit-serial SPI (Small Peripheral Interface) or Z2C interface can be used, or a byte-wide parallel interface can be used.
Data input/output

The encoded digital input data stream can use a bit-serial or byte-parallel interface or an S/PDIF receiver, and the ZR38601 can be a master or a slave. In master or slave mode, up to six channels of analog signals can be input in bit-serial ADC (analog-to-digital converter) format. The decoded audio output can be eight channels in bit-serial digital-to-analog converter format, or are the 6 encoded channels from the S/PDIF transmitter.
Memory usually does not require external storage, but external storage can be added for programs and/or digital audio data. Additional program memory provides different or additional functionality when the mainframe is not in use and allows the option of using ROM technology for future upgradeability. External data storage may be required for functions with long acoustic delays, input buffers, or large data tables. The program memory interface is byte-wide to provide minimal cost and part count.
Functional Description Below is a more complete description of the ZR38601 software operation and configuration and its hardware configuration.
Software - Operation
A major advantage of the ZRS38601 is its ease of use by system developers for a wide range of system requirements. Standard functions are easy to use, but custom functionality can be added without going back to custom software development with complex RTOS considerations or detailed I/O protocols. This is because all software functions provide a common command and response sequence, either for the host or for calling an API (application programming interface) from an internal program. Each method provides a way to add custom functions, not just one method, but a series of methods that depend on the complexity of the custom function.
The operations, settings, main and silicon software functions shown in the middle are intentionally shown. Using system utilities to maintain communication with the host, the host can issue a series of commands with responses to control the operation of the ZR38601. Utilities issue API calls to functions. All software development can be limited to the host microprocessor, even if the change in the type of function in operation is based on obtaining information from the operation of the ZR38601.
Alternatively, the control information in the command can be entered in a sequence of API calls issued from a custom program running inside the ZR38601 processor. No host is required now.
Through host command/response streams or API calls, custom functions in native ZR38001 code can be added without losing the ease of use in a common structure.
Table 1 summarizes the commands and responses for the standard main, operation, and setup functions. Note that there are read and write commands to the ZRS8601, and responses from the ZRS8601 to the host. The response is due to an ongoing command in normal operation, or a command from a specific command below with a read command.

ZR38601 resident control program host resident control program

Software - Function Main decoding and testing functions The main working modes of the Dolby Digital AC-3 decoder function are shown in Table 2. Selectable input and output ports and their formats include Audio/Video Sync (AVS) operation, constant or demand-driven PES encapsulated input, and DVD linear PCM.
AC-3 input decoding rates up to 640 kbits per second. Full selection of speaker configuration, dynamic range compression, downmix, delay, filtering and error concealment strategies is available. Karaoke downmixing is also supported, including downloaded karaoke coefficients.
PCM+PRO logic For dual-channel PCM input, the function selection is four-channel Pro logic decoding or two-channel stereo mixing. Speaker configuration, downmix, delay and surround filtering can be selected.
MPEG
The MPEG1 decoder function accepts an MPEG1 or MPEG2 input stream and generates a Pro logic or two-channel stereo output in the form of a DAC. Speaker configuration, dynamic range compression, downmix, delay and surround filtering can be selected.
Pink Noise This is a six-channel pink (equal energy per constant proportional bandwidth) pseudorandom noise generator test function. It is to test the balance of the speakers in the user's listening space. Six individual speakers can be activated in any combination at an adjustable level, with or without band limiting filters.
SiliconSoftware™ features 3D audio There are six third-party providers of 3D audio that use the ZR38601. This function provides a three-dimensional sound field effect with only two speakers. These certified features include Aurelal A3D, Dolby Virtual Surround, Harman Vmax, Qsound Qsurround™, Spatializer N-2-2™ and SRS Trusurround. They work with two or six channel inputs and AC-3, MPEG and Pro logic decoders, as shown in Table 3.
Bass Management Depending on the speakers used in the listening area, it may be necessary to vary the distribution of bass between speakers. Offers a choice of speaker configuration and in its simplest form a low-pass cutoff frequency of 80, 100 or 120 Hz. Full functionality allows downloading of low-pass and high-pass filter coefficients as well as sound levels for individual speakers.
Bass management works with two or six channel inputs and AC-3, MPEG and Pro logic decoders. While some 3D audio features include some bass management, it does not work with 3D audio.

In addition to Audio/Video Synchronization (AVS) for standard decoding functions and a PES package input function for request-driven, this DVD function also features 3D audio function and bass management. It works with two, six or eight channel PCM inputs and AC-3, MPEG and Pro logic decoders.
Hall Effect/Music mode uses this feature to add short- and long-term delay and reverb to the multi-channel PCM input. Download delay coefficients to simulate various acoustic environments.
(concert halls, churches, stadiums, etc.)
Home THX5.1
This feature provides the sound of the LucasFilm Theater THX in a home monitoring environment when used in a cascade of two chipsets. The input chip runs all standard decoding functions and passes its PCM output to the second chip for THX5.1 processing, including full bass management, decorrelation, tone matching and re-equalization, and individually programmable channel delays.
Karaoke Processing In addition to the standard decoding function's karaoke input mixing function, this is true karaoke processing with voice cancellation, pitch shifting, voice echo and reverb, and bass management. This function may require external data storage

Operational and Setup Functions The operational functions summarized in Table 1 are the real-time start and stop commands required for system control after the primary decoding function has been selected. Also includes commands to get input channel and decode status to monitor ongoing operations. PTC and STC clocks can also be monitored to ensure audio and video synchronization.
The setup function configures hardware and software before an operation begins or when major operational changes are made. Hardware configuration and initialization includes phase-locked loop (PLL), system clock, and input/output (I/O). Software can be installed in place by the host processor from its I/O or memory system. It can take the form of custom commands and their parameters, or it can directly execute native code of the core DSP processor.
System Functions The rest of the standard ZR38601 functions that reside in each program ROM is the System Function Monitor which is a simple RTOS mini-kernel used by all ZR38601 functions in normal operation.
System utilities maintain the operation of various I/O interfaces shared between functions. These include serial audio data ports, serial SPI or Z2C host interfaces, and parallel host interfaces for commands and responses. These utilities also include initial and reset bootloaders, which determine the boot ROM and perform its initialization process.
Ice debugging When using the ZR38000 series simulator for circuit simulation debugging, the monitor adopts the mode of single-step execution and breakpoint execution of the program.

Since the ZR38601 can be configured from a low-cost fixed-function device to a very flexible full-featured audio processor, there are many options for software configuration.
The software configuration is configured and is related to the system hardware configuration. Important considerations are whether to use a host, and whether to use only standard commands. Table 4 summarizes the most common configurations and their relative advantages.
Possible sources and residencies of software under different hardware configurations. Starting with the on-chip program ROM, it can be a standard version or it can have custom features as shown. As indicated by the dashed arrows, custom and SiliconSoftware functions can be downloaded into the on-chip program RAM from three sources. If there is no host, it must be loaded from an external byte-wide program ROM. For the host, it may come from the host's own non-volatile memory (usually a ROM or Flash EPROM), or be loaded from its I/O peripherals (such as an online link) or removable memory media (such as a floppy disk).
Hardware - System Configuration
The ZR38601 supports all the hardware shown in Figure 2, composite system block diagram on page 3. The choice of host, data input and output, and external memory are summarized in Table 5. These are supported by standard functions and standard commands. Additional configurations are supported for individual SiliconSoftware functions. For example, karaoke processing supports bit-serial ADC data input and external data RAM required for pitch correction and sound reverberation.
The operation of the ZR38601 does not require a host microprocessor. A custom program, either in internal ROM or external ROM with standard internal ROM, is sufficient. The operation is then controlled through the GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) port.
However, if you use a host, you have the most flexibility. The least expensive of the external hardware is the serial host interface. Four-wire SPI (Small Peripheral Interface) or two-wire Z2C signals (see Table 6) connect directly to most low-cost microcontrollers. The host serial interface has no speed limit and it enables the parallel interface to be used with external memory.
The parallel interface of the ZR38601 can be used for byte-range connections to the microprocessor host, as well as byte-range I/O supporting standard commands. If called in the developer's software, the full 16 bits of the parallel interface are available for I/O connections. Note that when the parallel interface is used for external data or program memory, it cannot be used for both host and I/O.
Data Input/Output The main data input is a single wire digital audio interface receiver. This is fully compliant with S/PDIF, IEC-958, AES/EBU and EIAJ CP-340 consumer standards. For raw or packed bitstreams and data-driven master operations using the DREQ signal on the GPIO0 port. Serial Port A or a byte-wide parallel interface can alternately be used as a master or slave of the channel bit stream. The parallel interface also provides data-driven master operations, but cannot be used concurrently with external memory in the system.
When required by SiliconSoftware functionality, up to six bit serial ADC data channels can be input as master or slave in various industrial formats.
Up to eight channels of bit-serial DAC data can be output as master or slave in the same industrial formats, including IS and EIAJ, with word, frame, and frameless synchronization. Ports B, C, and D are used by standard 6-channel functions, and port G is also used for 8-channel silicon software functions. Otherwise, port G acts as the S/PDIF master transmitter. 2
The 20 address and 16 data lines of the external memory parallel port allow a wide selection of external memory for program and data storage (if required) for SiliconSoftware functionality or future flexibility. Variable wait states are supported for slower, less expensive memory. Not for use with parallel hosts or I/O interfaces.
Hardware - Digital Audio Processor
The ZR38601 consists of the interface, memory, and system clock, which surround the ZR38001 DSP core shown in Figure 5. The individual signals for each interface and power connection are summarized in Table 6.
The figure illustrates the sharing of serial output port G with the S/PDIF transmitter, and the multiple functions of the parallel port for external hosts, I/O, and memory. Note in Table 6: How to take advantage of unused 16-bit memory data lines Additional controls when external host and I/O use a parallel byte-wide interface.
Using standard functions, three of the six GPIO signals are encoded. -
As mute input, I/O data request output, DREQ and I/O error output, error.

Internal memory is large: 20kwords of 32-bit program/data ROM plus 2kwords of downloadable RAM. The data-only memory is a 10 kword RAM with 20-bit data word precision.
Two programmable phase-locked loops (PLLs), one for
The DSP core (F) and an audio serial port (F) allow independent selection of these two key internal clock frequencies. This is especially important when the ZR38601 system oscillator is not determined by its own external crystal, but by a predetermined system clock frequency. Having two PLLs allows the DSP core to run synchronously at its maximum 50 mips rate (f=100 MHz) for processing, while the serial I/O runs at standard sample rates of 32, 44.1, 48, or 96 kHz, regardless of predetermined Whether the system clock frequency of is a common sub-multiple. DSP audio DSP

The power supply is 3.3V to reduce power consumption, but all I/O signals are 5.0V for use in 5.0V systems.