CPU, GPU, FPGA, high-performance analog chips. In the future, with the continuous expansion of production capacity, South Asia is expected to be overloaded and become the fourth largest DRAM chip maker in the world. Shenwei and others are the representative manufacturers of domestic CPUs. Shenwei and others are the representative manufacturers of domestic CPUs. In general, domestic CPUs and GPUs have been used in new ventures.

You should still remember that around 2018 , a picture of the share of domestic chips circulating in the industry. At that time, this picture made the industry feel a lot of emotion. The autonomy of our domestic chips is still very low, such as memory chips. CPU, GPU, FPGA, high-performance analog chips. The share of display driver ICs is almost zero. Although application processors and communication processors held a certain share in the communication equipment industry, which was 18% and 22% respectively at that time, the complex international environment limited the development of important players to a certain extent. Today, some chips that started almost from scratch have really come a long way. The first step has been taken. At the same time, we should also understand that there is still a long way to go from nothing to excellence.

Storage: Technology to close the gap, capacity needs to keep up

Storage is one of the cores of the entire AD9058AJD chip industry, accounting for about one-third of the total global semiconductor output value. Global storage players are very concentrated, mainly American, Japanese and Korean manufacturers. However, a few years ago, Yangtze Memory, Changxin Storage and other large domestic memory chip manufacturers 3DNAND Flash. DRAM chips have been mass-produced, and the ecology of the domestic storage industry has been greatly improved.

In the third quarter of 2019, YMTC started mass production of 64-layer 3D NAND flash memory. At that time, the international manufacturers had already started the research and development of more than 100 layers. YMTC jumped directly from the 64th floor to the 128th floor. Now both 64-layer and 128-layer 3DNAND are mass-produced and shipped, and there are already SSDs on the market equipped with YMTC 3DNAND. In the process, YMTC's sales volume has reached 2% of the global market (only 1% in the second half of 2020), completing the first step of YMTC from 0 to 1, and needs to expand a larger market share. At the same time, YMTC's research and development of 3DNAND technology is gradually moving closer to international manufacturers.

In terms of DRAM, in September 2019, Hefei Changxin mass-produced the first DDR4 memory chip in China. At present, the memory modules equipped with Changxin storage DDR4 can be purchased in the market, and according to the evaluation, it has a high cost performance. In addition, Changxin Storage 17nm process DDR5 memory is also under study. On the other hand, the cooperation between Zhaoyi Innovation and Changxin Storage is aimed at the niche market, and its own brand 19nmDR4 has been launched in 2021 -ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021- ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/ " title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title ="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title="2021 model">2021-ic/" title=" 2021 Model">2021-ic/" title="2021 Model">2021-ic/" title="2021 Model">2021-ic/" title="2021 Model">2021-ic/" title="2021 Model ">Mass production and shipment in 2021, 17nm DR3 is under study, and products are expected to be launched in 2022.

According to the DRAM market situation in the first half of 2021, Changxin Storage's global market share has reached 1%, ranking fifth (Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron together account for 94%). In the future, with the continuous expansion of production capacity, South Asia is expected to be overloaded and become the fourth largest DRAM chip maker in the world.

In the NORFlash market, Cypress. Micron and other manufacturers earlier withdrew from the low- and medium-capacity consumer market, giving domestic manufacturers an opportunity to develop. Mainland manufacturers cover consumer TWS headsets, PCs, and base stations, and need to further expand in automotive electronics, industry and other fields. Technically, many manufacturers have introduced 48nm/50nm NORFlash.

CPU: Xinchuang market is open, and there is still a gap in consumption level

In recent years, the policy has favored the use of domestic chips. Many CPU makers have soared with orders in the start-up market. soar. Godson. Peng Peng. Mega Core. sea light. Shenwei and others are the representative manufacturers of domestic CPUs. The government's procurement and use of domestic PCs can promote the continuous optimization of domestic chips, including the construction of software and hardware ecosystems. In the next step, the use of users in industries such as finance and transportation will further promote the development of domestic PCs, and ultimately the outbreak of the consumer market.

In fact, we can now see some desktop computers equipped with domestic CPUs, such as Feiteng FT-2000/4 Megaxin's KX-6640MA. Godson's 3A5000. The price of these computers is not high, but there is still a big gap between the CPU performance and mainstream Intel.AMD.

For example, the Loongson 3A5000 is the first processor chip to be released by Loongson Zhongke in July 2021 with an independent instruction system LoongArch. The Loongson 3A5000 processor is clocked at 2.3GHz-2.5GHz and includes 4 processor cores. Each processor core adopts a 64-bit super-standard GS464V independent microstructure, including 4 fixed-point units, 2 256-bit vector operation units and 2 memory access units. Loongson 3A5000 integrates 2 64-bit DDR4-3200 controllers, 4 HyperTransport3.0 controllers, supports ECC calibration, 4 HyperTransport3.0 controllers, supports multi-processor data consistency. Loongson 3A5000 supports fine power management functions such as dynamic shutdown of the main module clock, dynamic frequency conversion of the main clock, and dynamic voltage regulation of the main voltage domain. According to the evaluation, the performance of Loongson 3A50000 is almost the level of Intel i5 in 2015.

GPU: Has been used in government offices, servers and other fields

Speaking of CPU, we must speak of GPU. The domestic graphics processing GPU is even weaker than the domestic CPU and needs to be developed more urgently. Following the release of Fenghua No. 1 domestic GPU by Innosilicon in December 2021, Jingjiawei also released a new product, the JH920. JH920 is Jingjia Micro's third-generation high-performance graphics processor chip with completely independent intellectual property rights. Compared with the previous two generations, the performance has been greatly improved. JH920 is mainly used in high-end graphics display, general computing, embedded and other fields.

According to the announced features, JH920 supports 4 independent display outputs, multi-screen simultaneous output, 4 video decoding, 1 video encoding, OpenGL4.0.vulkan1.1 and other graphic programming interfaces, OpenGL3.0 computing programming interface, 4 4K @60fps HDMI2.0 external video input. The JH920 chip fully supports domestic CPU, domestic operating system and firmware, and can be widely used in PCs, servers, graphics workstations and other equipment to meet the display and computing requirements of geographic information systems, image matching, signal processing, and airborne vehicle display control. At the same time, JH920 can also support a variety of game engines such as OGRE, UE4, Unity3D, etc., and can run a variety of different large-scale stand-alone games and online games smoothly.

Fenghua No. 1 dual-chip B-card benchmarks NVIDIA TeslaT4GPU, and Jingjiawei JM9 series benchmarks NVIDIA GTX1080. It should be said that they represent the actual level of domestic graphics GPUs.

It is worth mentioning that the development of domestic graphics GPUs has also been supported by IP manufacturers. For example, Imagination is an IP provider with a Chinese holding background. VeriSilicon is also the world's top domestic IP supplier, which can provide support for the development of GPUIP.

In general, domestic CPUs and GPUs have been used in new ventures. The server market, but the desktop application has not been better optimized. Therefore, the breakthrough of domestic CPU and GPU in 2022 is worthy of attention and expectation.

Advanced domestic chip technology

In addition to Kirin 5nm chips, domestic high-end chip technology is basically 7nm, mainly concentrated in GPGPU/AI chips, automotive chips, etc., such as Tianshu smart chip 7nm cloud training chip B1, the chip technology uses TSMC 7nm to create a car-grade intelligent cockpit chip Dragon Eagle One. The chip used by Bitmain for cryptocurrency mining was previously using TSMC’s 5nm process.

The domestic chips using advanced technology in 2021 mainly include the self-developed server chip Yitian 710 released by Pingtouge. Yitian 710 adopts the most advanced 5nm technology in the industry, and a single chip accommodates 60 billion transistors; in terms of chip architecture, based on the latest ARMv9 architecture, it contains a 128-core CPU with a main frequency of up to 3.2GHz, taking into account performance and power consumption. In terms of memory and interface, the integration of industry-leading technologies such as DDR5.PCIe5.0 can effectively improve the transmission rate of the chip and adapt to different application scenarios of the cloud.

In addition, in December 2021, Ziguang Zhanrui's second-generation 5G chip platform Tanggula T770. Tanggula T760 achieved mass production of customer products. The second-generation 5G chip platform uses a 6nm process. Next, series like Tanggula 6.7.8.9 will go hand in hand. 6nm is the beginning and cornerstone of Zhanrui's advanced technology, and its next-generation products will cut into more advanced semiconductor technologies such as 5nm.

In addition to some domestic chips listed above, such as display driver ICs, it is also an area where we are investing heavily. The AIDPU field is also expected to change lanes to overtake. In terms of power equipment, the third-generation semiconductor industry chain has gathered a large number of enterprises, and FPGA chips have also come to 28nm, MCU, and analog chips. The connection chips are in full bloom. It should be said that in the past three years, we have not only achieved a breakthrough of 0 to 1, but also continuously increased our share, going hand in hand in many fields and international fields.

As we all know, domestic chips are in the best era, whether it is domestic replacement opportunities or 5G.AI. Market opportunities provided by automobiles, as well as capital opportunities such as financing and listing. Even with these zero breakthroughs and superior development opportunities, advanced technology manufacturing, EDA software, basic materials, etc. All are our weaknesses. Learning from each other's strengths and weaknesses, the semiconductor industry still needs to balance and develop. So it seems that there is no time to relax, only to move forward and do better.